HDMI Versions: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2, 2.1 - differences & compatibility
HDMI has been updated since its first introduction with several versions now released since its initial launch.
HDMI Technology Includes:
HDMI - the basics
HDMI versions
HDMI connectors
Pinout / pin connections
HDMI cables
USB C to HDMI
HDMI & DVI
HDMI switch, splitter & matrix - the differences
HDMI extenders
HDMI repeaters
Essential HDMI products
HDMI has been existence since 2002 and since then many advances have been made in the field of audio visual data capabilities. Video formats have advanced and the data rates have increased significantly. Also many new facilities and capabilities need to be controlled.
To keep up with these advancements several HDMI versions have been launched. These HDMI versions have been progressively launched and have enabled the HDMI interface to keep pace with technology, ensuring that HDMI is relevant and up to date.
One major advantage of the way that HDMI has advanced through successive versions is that the same 19 pin connector has been used and the versions have been backwards compatible.
Although the same basic connector has been used for HDMI, the many updates to the standard have been difficult to track. All the time it has been keeping up with the requirements for audio visual data transmission. New televisions, computer displays, DVD recorders, computers all use HDMI, and as updates to consumer equipment occur relatively rapidly, they will normally use the latest HDMI versions, or at least ones that will be able to accommodate the latest features.
HDMI Version 1
HDMI Version was the first incarnation of HDMI and it underwent a number of revisions and updates.
The HDMI version numbers were of the form HDMI version X.y. Initially X was the figure 1, i.e. HDMI versions 1 and this was followed by another figure and this was increased by 1 for each revision. In other worlds HDMI 1.0 increased to 1.1 and so forth.
On occasions very minor revisions were indicated by a letter suffix. One example of this was HDMI version 1.4c, etc. These minor version revisions were possibly to clarify a minor point or include small testing changes or additions.
The initial HDMI versions were in the series HDMI version 1.y.
- HDMI Version 1.0: As the name indicates, HDMI 1.0 was the first version of HDMI that was released. The release date was 9 December 2002, and it included the basic HDMI capabilities for a single cable digital audio/video connector interface. The format for HDMI Version 1.0 used the basic DVI concept but requiring audio and other ancillary data to be sent during the blanking intervals of the video stream.
The key HDMI 1.0 features included:
- Initial release of the HDMI standard.
- Audio and video interface that provided transfer of standard and high-definition video
- Provision for up to 8 channels of uncompressed digital audio
- Data transfer up to 4.95 Gbps
- Playback of standard Blu-ray disc video and audio at full resolution
- HDMI Version 1.1: HDMI 1.1 was released on 20 May 2004
The key HDMI 1.1 features included:
- This release added support for high quality DVD audio.
- HDMI version 1.1 introduced a number of small changes to the mechanical and electrical specification.
- HDMI Version 1.2: HDMI 1.1 was released on 8 August 2005 and it broadened the appeal of HDMI. The release of HDMI version 1.2 was a significant leap in the technology, introducing a number of new capabilities. One of the aims was to broaden the appeal of HDMI beyond just the TV related industries and incorporating areas like the PC market where VESA was an emerging standard. Also for universal DVD players, HDMI 1.2 delivered the ability for a single cable solution.
Some of the key additions introduced in the HDMI 1.2 release included:
- HDMI version 1.2 added Direct Stream Digital, DSD which enabled native transmission of Super Audio CD, SACD, content with up to 8 channels.
- Provided the capability for HDMI 1.2 and later displays to support low-voltage sources used in arenas like PCI Express, a display interface standard used in many PC video cards.
- Introduced the HDMI Type A connector for PC based applications
- Introduced the capability for YCbCr colours used within many consumer electronics systems.
- HDMI Version 1.2a : The release data for this small update was 14 December 2005 and it added the provision for Consumer Electronic Control (CEC) features, command sets and CEC compliance tests. It was updates to try to ensure interoperability across different manufacturers for all capabilities of devices.
- Full specification for Consumer Electronic Control, CEC features, commands, and compliance testing. CEC provides the capability to allow HDMI devices to control each other when necessary. This means that it is possible for the user to operate multiple devices with one handheld remote control device. This can be a great advantage with the proliferation of devices required for some systems where each one needs its own remote.
- HDMI Version 1.3: HDMI 1.3 was released on June 22, 2006, and provided a number of new capabilities. Many int he industry did not look kindly on the HDMI version as it introduced a large number of capabilities that were not needed by many. IT tended to be driven by companies pushing their own capabilities.
- HDMI 1.3 increased the single link bandwidth to 340 MHz providing a data rate of 10.2 Gbps.
- Increased the 8 bit colour resolution up to 10-bit, 12-bit, or 16-bit per channel. This provided "Deep Colour" capability.
- Upgraded the sRGB and YCbCr capability to include xvYCC.
- Introduced new HDMI Type C miniature connector for portable devices.
- Support for Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio formats for external decoding.
- Included Reference Cable Equaliser to enable high frequency displays to recapture data degraded over copper cable.
- HDMI Version 1.3a: This was a relatively minor update as indicated by the version number. It basically added a number of cable electrical updates to ensure that the cables operated totally reliably with the increased data speeds. In addition to this various clarifications and the addition of new commands.
- Type C connector cable and sink modifications.
- Various cable performance aspects including: source termination recommendation, removal of undershoot and maximum rise / fall time limits., CEC capacitance limits change.
- Clarification of the RGB video quantisation range.
- Changes to the commands including introduction of new audio commands and re-instatement of the timer control commands in a new format.
- New compliance test specification released.
- HDMI Version 1.4: This standard update was released on 28 May 2009 and HDMI 1.4 proved to be one of the major updates in terms of usability, adding a variety of new and useful features.
- HDMI version 1.4 added an HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) to accommodate a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection between the two HDMI connected devices to enable an Internet sharing connection.
- Support was introduced for 3D video formats with input and output protocols defined.
- New high definition formats introduced: 4K x 2K resolution (3840 x 2160) at 24Hz, 25Hz, and 30Hz and 4096 x 2160 at 24Hz.
- Signalling of content type in real-time was introduced to enable TVs to optimise picture settings according to the content.
- An audio Return Channel was added and this enabled an HDMI-connected TV with a built-in tuner to send audio data "upstream" to a surround audio system. This eliminated the need for a separate audio cable.
- Additional colour profiles added to accommodate digital photography and computer graphics: Adobe RGB, AdobeYCC601 and sYCC601.
- New cables and connectors were introduced to support video, etc in automotive applications.
- A new Micro HDMI connector was introduced for use with small devices like mobile phones and other small portable devices.
- HDMI Version 1.4a: HDMI 1.4a was a relatively minor version update that was released on 4 March 2010. It focussed in improvements to 3D video technology and was delayed from being incorporated into HDMI 1.4 pending decisions that needed to be made by the broadcast industry.
- This version of HDMI incorporated the 3D broadcast format, that could not be decided in time for the initial release of HDMI version 1.4.
- HDMI Version 1.4b: This version of HDMI 1.4 was released on 11 October 2011 and it included a number of minor changes. It was the last update provided by HDMI Licensing, LLC as future updates were taken over by the HDMI Forum, an industry body.
The most important change added within HDMI version 1.4b is given below:
- This version of HDMI provided for full HD to be provided for both pictures used for 3D pictures enabling 3D 1080p video at 120 Hz, i.e. 1080p 60 Hz for each picture giving a total picture rate of 120 Hz.
HDMI Version 2
HDMI 2 was the first update to be managed by the new HDMI Forum. In view of the fact that it was being managed by a different body, the version number was raised from 1 to 2 reflecting the major change.
- HDMI Version 2.0: HDMI 2 was released on 4 September 2013 and it was also referred to as HDMI UHD. There were several improvements that were introduced with this HDMI version.
There were several enhancements that were included for HDMI version 2.0:
- The bandwidth was increased to enable data transfer at 18 Gbps.
- Provided capability for UHD video with resolution levels up to 4K at 50 or 60 Hz.
- Enabled use of 8b/10b encoding.
- Allowed the transmission of up to 32 audio channels.
- Provided for audio sampling at a rate of 1532kHz.
- Capability introduced to enable delivery of dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen.
- Enabled the simultaneous delivery of multi-stream audio to up to four users.
- Support added for wide angle cinematic video with 21:9 aspect ratio.
- HDMI Version 2.0a : This minor update to HDMI 2.0 was released on 8 April 2015. As this was a relatively minor update, it was released as an alpha update only.
The main enhancement included in this HDMI version update was:
- Provided support for High Dynamic Range video with static metadata.
- HDMI Version 2.0b : HDMI 2.0b was released in March 2016 and provided for a number of new enhancements to the standard:
- It added support for HDR video as described in CTA-861.G specification.
- It extended the static metadata signalling to include Hybrid Log-Gamma.
- HDMI Version 2.1: This was launched on 28 November 2017 and added support for higher resolutions and refresh rates. It was a relatively major update as indicated by the move from 2.0 to 2.1 in terms of the revision number.
The main features added within HDMI version 2.1 included:
- Support added for resolution of 10k at 120 Hz.
- Capability added for specifying HDR metadata on a scene-by-scene or even a frame-by-frame basis.
- Display Stream Compression (DSC) 1.2 is used for video formats higher than 8K with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.
- Introduction of a new HDMI cable category called 48G to enable cables to be certified to carry the new higher data rates.
Check out the Electronics Notes: Essential HDMI Items List.
HDMI is a standard that is evolving to meet the ever advancing needs of the audio / video industry. Since its first inception as HDMI Version 1.0, HDMI has advanced in terms of its support and capability. Now it is able to support the latest video standards whilst also incorporating many new functions and capabilities.
HDMI is available on virtually all new televisions, and television associated equipment. It is also being used increasingly for display screens including computer monitors where it is present along with other interfaces, but being used increasingly. Many other items including projectors and many other devices have HDMI incorporated.
Although many of the features in the later versions of HDMI may not always be applicable, it is always checking that the HDMI interface in any equipment is the latest version, or at least one that provides the required capabilities.
More Audio Video Topics:
HDMI
SCART
DisplayPort
DVI
Loudspeaker technology
Headphones & earphones
Bluetooth speakers
Stereo sound
Microphones
Audio compact cassettes
Vinyl record technology
Digital radio
DVB television
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