SI Prefixes or Metric prefixes

The SI prefixes or metric prefixes are an indicator that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or sub-multiple of the unit.

SI, International System of Units Includes:
SI base units     SI units & symbols     SI / metric prefixes     Unit definitions     SI (metric) / Imperial conversion    

Often within electronics, and many other areas, quantities can become very large. To make these numbers easier to manage and comprehend, there is a system of prefixes used that indicates a multiple or submultiple of the quantity.

The multiples or submultiples are often called SI prefixes or metric prefixes because they precede the associated symbol to form a decimal multiple or sub-multiple.

These SI prefixes or metric prefixes are particularly useful and reduce the number of zeros required to define a given quantity, making it not only easier to read but also to manage and manipulate.

These SI prefixes or metric prefixes are in widespread use in all areas of life.

Table of SI prefixes

The factor expressed as a factor to the power of ten, SI / metric prefix, the symbol used and the actual decimal number are tabulated in the chart below.

In total there are twenty prefixes that have been officially adopted to be used with the various units of measure. They are widely used and are easy to add to the basic units.


Table of SI / Metric Units, Symbols and Numbers
 
Factor Prefix Symbol Decimal
1024 yotta Y 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
1021 zetta Z 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
1018 exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 000
1015 peta P 1 000 000 000 000 000
1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 000
109 giga G 1 000 000 000
106 mega M 1 000 000
103 kilo k 1 000
102 hecto h 100
101 deca da 10
10-1 deci d 0.1
10-2 centi c 0.01
10-3 milli- m 0.001
10-6 micro µ 0.000 001
10-9 nano n 0.000 000 001
10-12 pico p 0.000 000 000 001
10-15 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 001
10-18 atto a 0.000 000 000 000 000 001
10-21 zepto z 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001
10-24 yocto y 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001

Examples of SI prefixes

The SI prefixes/ metric prefixes are easily used as demonstrated by the few simple examples given below:

  • 1 Megawatt = 1 000 000 watts
  • 1 kilogram = 1000 grams
  • 1 µF = 1 microFarad = 1 / 1 000 000 Farad
  • etc ... etc ...

Along with these the abbreviations or symbols can also be used. For example kV for kilovolts; kW for kilowatts, and km for kilometre. The other symbols or abbreviations can be used in exactly the same manner. However it is necessary to ensure that the case of the letter is correct, i.e. lower case or uppercase. Many times frequencies of 10 mHz have been seen when what is really meant is 10 MHz.

SI prefixes are internationally recognized and have been in use for many years. In fact many of them pre-date SI itself and have been used since the metric system was first introduced - hence the name of metric prefixes that is often used for them. In addition to this many of these SI prefixes or metric prefixes are used with many non-SI units or even non-metric units: for example: milligauss (mG), microinch(µin), etc. . . .


The SI prefixes or metric prefixes are particularly useful and are used almost without exception globally, providing an easy method of describing quantities in a succinct and manageable fashion.

More Basic Electronics Concepts & Tutorials:
Voltage     Current     Power     Resistance     Capacitance     Inductance     Transformers     Decibel, dB     Kirchoff's Laws     Q, quality factor     RF noise     Waveforms    
    Return to Basic Electronics Concepts menu . . .